9/10/2023 0 Comments Biomimetic 4d printingAs beautiful as the result is, the printed flowers demonstrate that the team is able to program the toolpath for their printer to produce objects with predictable, desired behavior. The glowing seen throughout the study are the result of fluorescent dye added to the gel for observation purposes. The study sees the team print two flower shapes with similar shapes, but with different pre-programmed responses when exposed to water, as well as an orchid shape that actually moves like an orchid when submerged. Based on the print path, this orchid architecture exhibits four different configurations: bending, twisting and ruffling corolla surrounding the central funnel-like domain (scale bars, 5 mm).” c–f, Print path (c), printed structure (d) and resulting swollen structure (e) of a flower demonstrating a range of morphologies inspired by a native orchid, the Dendrobium helix (courtesy of Ricardo Valentin) (f). Combined with a proprietary mathematical model developed by the team that predicts how a 4D object must be printed to achieve prescribed transformable shapes, the method opens up potential applications for 4D printing including smart textiles, soft electronics, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering.” Via Nature Materials, “a,b, Simple flowers composed of 90°/0° (a) and −45°/45° (b) bilayers oriented with respect to the long axis of each petal, with time-lapse sequences of the flowers during the swelling process (bottom panel) (scale bars, 5 mm, inset = 2.5 mm). f, Breaking lateral symmetry in print paths order takes a ruffled structure (left) to a helicoidal structure (right) (scale bar, 10 mm).”Ī press release for the paper describes this process in this way, “Like wood, which can be split more easily along the grain than across it, the hydrogel-cellulose fibril ink undergoes differential swelling behavior along and orthogonal to the printing path when immersed in water. e, A gradient in local interfilament spacing generates a logarithmic spiral (scale bars, 5 mm). d, Bending and twisting conformations are possible with strips of 90°/0° (left) and −45°/45° (right) print path orientations (see text for details). Lewis tells New Scientist, “Depending on how we actually print the material, we can encode bending, twisting and ruffling.” Via Nature Materials, “Print paths and final swollen geometries display positive (a), negative (b) and varying Gaussian curvature (c) (scale bar, 2.5 mm). With a mathematical model, the team was able to predict this behavior and print objects with predetermined behaviors. When printed and submerged, the fibers force the object to swell lengthwise, but not laterally. To do so, they 4D printed objects using a hydrogel made up of aligned cellulose fibres from wood pulp, meant to constrain the material’s motion, and acrylamide hydrogel, which expands when put in water. Inspired by plant life, Lewis’s team sought to 4D print objects that would change with its environment in pre-programmed ways. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences has continued to make progress, publishing a paper in Nature Materials outlining an experiment in “Biomimetic 4D printing”. While the exact date for that interview is yet to be determined, her team at Harvard’s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and the Harvard John A. This meant that my questions regarding 4D printing and bioprinting would have to be reserved for a separate interview. In this review, recent advances on application of 4D printing for manufacturing of this type of materials and other high-performance biomaterials for medical applications have been discussed.ģD printing 4D printing Additive manufacturing smart materials tissue engineering.When I interviewed Voxel8 CEO Jennifer Lewis last year, she told me that she didn’t want me to conflate her research with her commercial work, namely the multi-material, electronics 3D printer she developed at Voxel8. These stimuli-triggered 'smart' materials possess a dynamic behavior unlike the static scaffolds based on conventional manufacturing techniques. These 'smart' materials are responsive to the external stimuli which eliminates the need for utilizing the sensors, and batteries. In order to properly exploit the capabilities of this fabrication method, understanding and exploiting the shape memory materials is critical. 4D printing, a new class of 3D printing where time is considered as a 4th dimension, allows us to build biological structures such as scaffolds, implants, and stents with dynamic performance mimicking the body's natural tissues. Additive manufacturing has attracted a lot of attention in fabrication of bio medical devices and structures in recent years.
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